Publication Ethics
The journal is guided by the principles of publication ethics adopted by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Authorship
Individuals considered authors of the article are those who have made a substantial and tangible contribution to the study and the preparation of the manuscript. Honorary or guest authorship is strictly prohibited. All authors must review the final version of the manuscript and consent to its submission to the journal.
Author Contributions
The article may include an “Author Contributions” section, which briefly specifies the role of each author in the preparation of the study: conceptualization, problem statement, investigation, data acquisition and analysis, drafting the text, editing, research supervision, and other significant forms of participation.
Originality
By submitting a manuscript, the authors confirm that the work is original, has not been previously published, and is not currently under consideration by another publication, with the exception of a preprint disclosed to the editorial board in accordance with these guidelines.
Conflict of Interest
Any financial or other relationships that could potentially compromise the objectivity of the presented results must be disclosed in the article. In the absence of a conflict of interest, the following statement must be included: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”
Data Availability
The article may feature a “Data Availability” section. Within this section, authors must specify where the data supporting the research findings can be accessed: in an open repository via a provided link; in the article’s supplementary materials; or from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. If the data cannot be fully disclosed due to confidentiality, trade secrets, statutory requirements, or contractual terms, this must be explicitly stated. If no new data were generated or analyzed during the study, the following statement should be used: “No new data were created or analyzed in the course of this study.”
Malpractice and Misconduct
Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication and falsification, image manipulation, duplicate publication, ghost/guest authorship, and the concealment of a material conflict of interest are strictly impermissible. All manuscripts undergo originality screening.
Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions
Should a significant error capable of affecting the interpretation of results be identified post-publication, the editorial board will publish a correction statement detailing the nature of the changes made. An article may be retracted if data plagiarism, fabrication, or falsification is established, or in cases of substantial copyright infringement, duplicate publication, invalid authorship, an undisclosed material conflict of interest, or any other critical flaw that renders the article’s conclusions unreliable.
Prior to reaching a decision, the editorial board will evaluate the authors’ explanations and, if necessary, request the official position of the institution where the research was conducted. A retraction decision is executed via a separate public notice; the bibliographic data and the text of the article are preserved in the archive with a clear “Retracted” watermark to ensure the transparency of the scholarly record. If there are justifiable grounds to doubt the reliability of a publication but the investigation is ongoing, the editorial board reserves the right to issue an Expression of Concern.